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	<title>计算机网络技术 &#8211; 学术创新中心</title>
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	<item>
		<title>R21227-《计算机网络技术》考查内容及参考案例</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/cnfinal/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/cnfinal/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 27 Dec 2022 01:30:51 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1630</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、小型软件公司办公网络解决方案 题目具体要求：对于一个小型的软件公司提出一套合理的办公网络解决方案，并且说明 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h4 class="wp-block-heading">一、小型软件公司办公网络解决方案</h4>



<p>题目具体要求：对于一个小型的软件公司提出一套合理的办公网络解决方案，并且说明该解决方案的优点和不足。</p>



<p>某集团公司给下属子公司分配了一段IP地址192.168.0.0/24，现在公司有两层办公楼（一楼和二楼），统一从一楼的路由器上公网，一楼有100台电脑联网，二楼有50台电脑联网，如果你是该公司的网管，你该怎么去规划这个IP？</p>



<p>设计要求：写出简要的可行性分析报告，设计网络结构并给出合理解释</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">二、设计一个中小型网络规划与设计方案</h4>



<p>1.题目具体要求：公司有1000台PC，一共有7个部门。不同的部门相互访问要有限制，公司有3个跨省的分公司</p>



<p>2.公司有自己的内部网站与外部网站，能够提供匿名的FTP邮件，WWW服务，但FTP只对内部员工开放</p>



<p>3.公司中的每台设备都能联网，每个部门都办公室联合构成一个vlan</p>



<p>4.核心技术采用VPN</p>



<p>设计要求：（1）写出简要的可行性分析报告</p>



<p>（2）设计网络结构并给出合理解释</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">三、滑动窗口协议仿真</h4>



<p>题目要求：在传输层，为了进行流量控制，通常使用滑动窗口协议实现。设计一个滑动窗口协议仿真程序，以模拟流量控制过程，要求如下：</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>程序按照滑动窗口协议实现端对端端数据传送，包括协议的各种策略，如包丢失、停等应答、超时等都应有所仿真实现</li>



<li>显示数据传送过程中的各项具体数据，双方帧的个数变化，帧序号，发送和接收速度等</li>



<li>设计美观易用的图形界面</li>
</ol>



<p>在撰写报告时，要求给出滑动窗口协议的原理和相关知识：设计需求说明，包括概要设计，详细设计，给出程序测试结果。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">四、RIP路由协议原型系统的实现</h4>



<p>题目要求：设计和实现一个RIP路由协议的原型系统，要求路由节点能够利用广播发布本地节点的路由信息，其他节点接收信息并选择最优路径。</p>



<p>在撰写报告时，要求描述并分析RIP路由协议的工作原理，实现RIP路由协议原型系统，该系统具备分功能包括：广播本地路由、接收其他节点路由信息，根据路由信息选择最佳路径，支持最大不超过15跳的特性，给出原型系统的功能测试结果。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">五、设计一个GUI程序，实现IP、TCP、UDP数据包的捕获和解析，通过编程了解各类数据报的结构，掌握网络编程的基本原理和方法。</h4>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">六、为所在学校设计一个简单的基于三层交换技术的校园网络，要求如下</h4>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>自定义每个部门需要的IP地址数，每个部门1个单独的子网，至少有4种不同的地址规模</li>



<li>分析校内IP地址总需求，统计需要多少个c类的IP地址段</li>



<li>计算每个部门的网络地址、掩码并制定网关地址</li>



<li>每个子网1个独立的vlan，并使用三层交换机互连各vlan</li>



<li>在撰写报告时，要求绘制网络拓扑图，并标注各vlan信息，并给出测试结果。</li>
</ol>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">七、基于web的动态页面设计——网上留言薄的设计与实现</h4>



<ol class="wp-block-list">
<li>进行网上留言薄的需求分析和功能设计</li>



<li>在数据库中构建数据库、表或视图</li>



<li>根据网上留言薄的功能，设计各页面和脚本，掌握动态网页的制作技术。</li>
</ol>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">八、编程模拟路由器查找路由表的过程，用（目的地址、掩码、下一跳）的IP路由表以及目的地址作为输入，为目的地址查找路由表，找出正确的下一跳并输出结果。</h4>



<p>设计要求：给出路由表的相关知识和原理，设计详细描述过程，给出设计思路，并给出查找过程的测试结果。</p>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">九、另写一个程序，取代windows下的ping命令，可以ping指定主机、一批主机，并以图形显示输出结果。</h4>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">十、设计程序，发送ICMP数据包，以获取指定网段中的活动主机，并将结果显示在标准输出设备或输出到文件中。</h4>



<h4 class="wp-block-heading">十一、子网划分工具的设计与实现</h4>



<p>设计内容及要求：编程实现一个子网划分的简单工具。（1）能够根据用户输入的网络地址和子网掩码，判断出用户输入的合法性及网络类别（A.B.C地址）（2）能够计算出以下参数：子网数及有效子网、每个子网的主机数（3）应有相应的帮助提示及良好的结果输出组织，易于用户使用和查看结果。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">二、<strong>选题说明</strong></h2>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>班内选做同一设计题目的人数 &lt;= 10，每个小题由1人完成</li>



<li>题目一经选定，不得随意更改。题目完成后，要进行详细答辩验收方可通过。要求设计能够实现基本功能，提交完整课程设计报告。</li>



<li>选做同一题目的同学并非大家合作完成同一道题目，而是每人独立完成全部内容</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">三、时间安排</h2>



<p>第16周进行答辩，提交相关材料。</p>



<p>选题于第14周结束，并由班级学委填写“大作业选题情况<a></a><a>汇</a>总表”，在15周上课前上报给老师。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">四、任务提交</h2>



<p>要求：撰写课程论文，以作为课程评分的书面依据和存档材料。课程论文以规定格式的电子文档编写、打印并装订（暂不打印），排版及图、表要清楚、工整。请注意：</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list">
<li>课程论文一定要按学校规范进行撰写（可参考模板）。</li>



<li>以班为单位提交课程论文电子文档、程序源码、工具等，每个学生一个文件夹，文件夹名为“学号-姓名”，论文文件名：“学号-姓名.doc”。</li>
</ul>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">五、评分标准</h2>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>序号</td><td>等级</td><td>标准</td></tr><tr><td>1</td><td>优秀 （90-100分）</td><td>选题具有创新性、合理性；难度系数高，设计实现功能复杂或者论文内容有比较高的学术参考价值，很好的完成题目的全部要求；论文格式正确，书写规范，条理清晰，语言流畅；结论和建议具有很高的参考价值，主要观点突出，逻辑关系清楚，有独到的个人见解</td></tr><tr><td>2</td><td>良好 （80-89分）</td><td>选题具有新意、合理性；难度系数较高，设计实现功能较复杂或者论文内容有一定水准的学术参考价值，很好的完成题目的全部要求；论文格式正确，书写较规范，条理较清晰，语言较流畅；结论和建议具有一定参考价值，主要观点较突出，逻辑关系较清楚，有一定的个人见解</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>中等 （70-79分）</td><td>选题具有合理性；难度系数一般，设计实现功一般或者论文内容有一定的学术参考价值，完成题目的大部分要求；论文格式比较规范，有一定的条理性，语言较流畅；结论和建议具有一定参考价值，主要观点较突出，有一定的个人见解</td></tr><tr><td>4</td><td>及格 （60-69分）</td><td>选题无新意；难度系数较低，设计实现功能简单或者论文内容无学术参考价值，题目的要求只实现了小部分；论文格式欠规范；有结论和建议，个人见解的阐述语言不流畅，条理不太清晰</td></tr><tr><td>5</td><td>不及格 （60分以下）</td><td>选题无新意；难度系数很低，设计实现功能太简单或者没有或者论文内容无学术参考价值，题目的要求大多没有实现；论文格式不规范，条理不清晰，语言不流畅；无结论和建议的阐述，无个人见解的阐述</td></tr></tbody></table></figure>



<p>如果有下列情况，则视情节严重程度，成绩下降若干档次，直至不及格：</p>



<p>• 抄袭、复制别人程序或文档；</p>



<p>• 未能按时提交报告。</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">参考案例（六）</h2>



<p>论文：（手机端可能无法正常预览。可以下载pdf或用电脑/平板进行参考。）</p>



<div data-wp-interactive="core/file" class="wp-block-file"><object data-wp-bind--hidden="!state.hasPdfPreview" hidden class="wp-block-file__embed" data="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/网络案例.pdf" type="application/pdf" style="width:100%;height:600px" aria-label="嵌入 网络案例"></object><a id="wp-block-file--media-faa41e10-d0d0-497b-8221-16c3d87b5c06" href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/网络案例.pdf">网络案例</a><a href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/网络案例.pdf" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-faa41e10-d0d0-497b-8221-16c3d87b5c06">下载</a></div>



<p>参考拓扑文件：</p>



<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-fb3242ba-fc50-402b-9d29-0e3f0d3a2fa1" href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/拓扑图实验.7z">拓扑图实验</a><a href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/拓扑图实验.7z" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-fb3242ba-fc50-402b-9d29-0e3f0d3a2fa1">下载</a></div>



<p>56</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>H21201D-实验六-单区域OSPF配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21201d-%e5%8d%95%e5%8c%ba%e5%9f%9fospf%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21201d-%e5%8d%95%e5%8c%ba%e5%9f%9fospf%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 01 Dec 2022 12:19:07 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1609</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 了解动态路由协议的分类和路由算法 理解OSPF路由协议的工作原理。 掌握OSPF路由协议的配置  [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading">一、实验目的</h2>



<p>了解动态路由协议的分类和路由算法</p>



<p>理解OSPF路由协议的工作原理。</p>



<p>掌握OSPF路由协议的配置</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">二、实验原理</h2>



<p>若干个彼此独立的网络，他们之间是无法相互通信的，要实现独立网络间的通信，可以通过某种方式在他们之间建立一条路由，本实验就是通过在路由器上运行动态路由OSPF，实现不同网络间的通信</p>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">三、实验环境</h2>



<p>（1）2811路由器两台，2960交换机两台，计算机若干，同异步串口连接线，网线。</p>



<p>(2)实验拓扑图，拓扑图如图1所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1610" width="705" height="386" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-8.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-8-300x164.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-8-768x421.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图1  OSPF动态路由实验拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>（3）实验设备名称、接口和IP规划如表1所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>设备名称</td><td>接口</td><td>IP地址</td><td>网关</td></tr><tr><td>Router0</td><td>GIT0/0/0（连接Swtich0）</td><td>192.168.1.100/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Se0/1/0（连接Router1）</td><td>172.25.1.1/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Router1</td><td>GIT0/0/0（连接Swtich1）</td><td>192.168.2.100/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Se0/1/0（连接Router0）</td><td>172.25.1.2/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Swtich0，Swtich1</td><td>Fa0/1，Fa0/2，Fa0/3</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>PC0</td><td>Fa0（连接Swtich0）</td><td>192.168.1.1/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC1</td><td>Fa0（连接Swtich0）</td><td>192.168.1.2/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC2</td><td>Fa0（连接Swtich1）</td><td>192.168.2.1/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC3</td><td>Fa0（连接Swtich1）</td><td>192.168.2.2/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">表1  单区域OSPF配置实验设备接口与IP规划表</figcaption></figure>



<h2 class="wp-block-heading">四、<strong>实验步骤</strong></h2>



<p>1、首先按拓扑图要求连接好各设备，然后对Router0的设备名称和端口IP进行配置，配置过程的部分命令如图2所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="711" height="382" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-9.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1611" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-9.png 711w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-9-300x161.png 300w" sizes="(max-width: 711px) 100vw, 711px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图2</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>2、对Router1的设备名称和端口IP进行配置。配置过程命令如图3，图4所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img decoding="async" width="865" height="427" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-10.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1612" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-10.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-10-300x148.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-10-768x379.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图3</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="419" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-11.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1613" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-11.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-11-300x145.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-11-768x372.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>3、分别为两个路由器配置动态路由</p>



<p>首先对R0启用OSPF协议，指定进程号，命令格式为：router ospf 进程号<strong></strong></p>



<p>然后配置动态路由，命令格式为：network 直连网段 反掩码 区域号</p>



<p>具体如图5所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="360" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-12.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1614" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-12.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-12-300x125.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-12-768x320.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图5</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>4、配置好R0的OSPF协议后，再查看路由表信息，发现路由表并没有变化，为什么？分析原因。此时对R1也启用OSPF协议，同样地配置动态路由信息，如图6所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-13.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1615" width="705" height="295" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-13.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-13-300x126.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-13-768x321.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图6</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>5、配置好R1的OSPF协议后，查看路由表信息，发现<strong>路由表多了一项“</strong><strong>O</strong><strong>”信息，说明</strong><strong>OSPF</strong><strong>协议起作用了，</strong>与相邻路由器交换信息建立了动态路由表（有时候需要等待一段时间，因为路由器发现、学习、更新路由信息需要时间），如图7所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="362" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-14.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1616" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-14.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-14-300x126.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-14-768x321.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图7</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>6、以图8为例，配置PC0～PC3的IP地址与网关。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="590" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-15.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1617" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-15.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-15-300x205.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-15-768x524.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图8</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>7、在PC机上执行ping命令和tracert命令进行连通性测试和路由追踪，分别如图9和图10所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-16.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1618" width="705" height="515" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-16.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-16-300x220.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-16-768x562.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 705px) 100vw, 705px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图9</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="641" height="317" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-17.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1619" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-17.png 641w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-17-300x148.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图10</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<h2 class="wp-block-heading">五<strong>、思考题</strong></h2>



<p>1.分析图12-22所示的拓扑图有几个网络？怎样配置OSPF路由？</p>



<p><strong>答：有</strong><strong>8</strong><strong>个，在路由器上配置连接到自己的网络和连接到对端以及其他目的网络。</strong><strong></strong></p>



<p>2.多区域配置OSPF应注意什么？</p>



<p><strong>答：应正确设置区域号，避免区域号重合或冲突。如骨干区域应使用区域号</strong><strong>0</strong><strong>，分支区域使用区域号</strong><strong>1</strong></p>



<p>3.分析OSPF协议所适用的场合，并比较OSPF协议与RIP，EIGRP等路由协议相比有什么优缺点？</p>



<p><strong>答：</strong><strong>OSPF</strong><strong>将自治区域再细化为区，当源和目的地在同一区，走区内路由，否则走区间路由，减小了路由开销，当一个区域的路由器出现故障也不影响其他区域的正常运行。</strong><strong></strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="778" height="452" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-18.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1620" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-18.png 778w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-18-300x174.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/image-18-768x446.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 778px) 100vw, 778px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图12-22  多个路由器动态路由拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p></p>
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					<wfw:commentRss>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21201d-%e5%8d%95%e5%8c%ba%e5%9f%9fospf%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
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		<title>L21123-动态RIP配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/l21123-%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81rip%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/l21123-%e5%8a%a8%e6%80%81rip%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 2022 07:16:01 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1520</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[网课期间摸鱼摆烂了，这个实验难度还行，也没说一定要交。直接拿老师的文档来看就行 一、实验目的 1. 了解动态路 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<h2 class="wp-block-heading"><mark style="background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)" class="has-inline-color has-pale-pink-color">网课期间摸鱼摆烂了，这个实验难度还行，也没说一定要交。直接拿老师的文档来看就行</mark></h2>



<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<p>1<strong>.</strong> <strong>了解动态路由协议的分类和路由算法</strong></p>



<p>2. 理解RIP路由协议的工作原理。</p>



<p>3、 掌握RIP路由协议的配置</p>



<p><strong>二、实验原理</strong></p>



<p>根据RIP动态路由实验拓扑图和实验设备接口与IP规划表可知，两个路由器可互联至少三个不同网络，如何在基于距离矢量RIP动态路由选择协议的作用下，让路由器自动建立路由信息，从而让所有PC机相互通信，是本实验要解决的问题</p>



<p>三、实验环境</p>



<p>（1）2811路由器两台，2960交换机两台，计算机若干，同异步串口连接线，网线。</p>



<p>（2）Cisco Packet Tracer模拟软件。</p>



<p>（3）实验拓扑图。本实验拓扑图如图11-1所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="660" height="508" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-108.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1521" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-108.png 660w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-108-300x231.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图11-1&nbsp; 静态路由实验拓扑图</figcaption></figure>



<p></p>



<p>（4）实验设备名称和接口IP规划如表11-1所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table aligncenter"><table><tbody><tr><td>设备名称</td><td>接口</td><td>IP地址</td><td>网关</td></tr><tr><td>RouterA</td><td>Fa0/0（连接SwtichA）</td><td>192.168.1.100/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Se1/0（连接RouterB）</td><td>172.25.1.1/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>RouterB</td><td>Fa0/0（连接SwtichB）</td><td>192.168.2.100/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>Se1/0（连接RouterA）</td><td>172.25.1.2/24</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>SwtichA</td><td>Fa0/1（连接PC1）</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>SwtichA</td><td>Fa0/2（连接PC2）</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SwtichA</td><td>Fa0/3（连接RouterA）</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SwtichB</td><td>Fa0/1（连接PC3）</td><td>—</td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td>SwtichB</td><td>Fa0/2（连接PC4）</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>SwtichB</td><td>Fa0/3（连接RouterB）</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>PC1</td><td>Fa0（连接SwtichA）</td><td>192.168.1.1/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC2</td><td>Fa0（连接SwtichA）</td><td>192.168.1.2/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC3</td><td>Fa0（连接SwtichB）</td><td>192.168.2.1/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td></tr><tr><td>PC4</td><td>Fa0（连接SwtichB）</td><td>192.168.2.2/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">表11-1&nbsp; 动态路由实验设备接口与IP规划表</figcaption></figure>



<p></p>



<p><strong>实验步骤</strong></p>



<p>1、首先按实验拓扑图11-1要求连接好各设备，然后对RouterA的设备名称和端口IP进行配置。配置命令如图11-2所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="587" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-109.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1522" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-109.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-109-300x196.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-109-768x501.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>2、配置无误后，利用show ip route命令查看路由表，如图11-3所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="366" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-110.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1523" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-110.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-110-300x122.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-110-768x312.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>3、对RouterB的设备名称和端口IP进行配置。配置命令如图11-4所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="581" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-111.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1524" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-111.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-111-300x194.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-111-768x496.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>4、配置无误后，利用show ip route命令查看路由表，如图11-5所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="371" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-113.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1526" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-113.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-113-300x124.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-113-768x317.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>5、根据两个路由器的路由表显示信息，分别在RA和RB上执行ping命令测试网络连通性，如图11-6和图11-7所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="817" height="349" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-114.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1527" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-114.png 817w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-114-300x128.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-114-768x328.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 817px) 100vw, 817px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="814" height="351" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-115.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1528" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-115.png 814w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-115-300x129.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-115-768x331.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 814px) 100vw, 814px" /></figure>



<p>6、分别为两个路由器配置动态路由。首先对RA启用RIP协议，指定协议版本（RIP有两个版本），然后配置动态路由，命令格式为：network 直连网段，如下所示。</p>



<p><strong>RA</strong><strong>（config）#router rip&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //启用RIP协议</strong></p>



<p><strong>RA</strong><strong>（config-router）#version 2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; // RIP协议第二版，默认设置是第一版</strong></p>



<p><strong>RA（config-router）#network 192.168.1.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //添加与路由器直连的网络</strong></p>



<p><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; RA</strong><strong>（config-router）#network 172.25.1.0</strong></p>



<p>7、配置好RA的RIP协议后，查看路由表信息，发现路由表并没有变化，为什么？  </p>



<p>      答：对端路由器尚未配置，还无法进行邻居学习和通信。</p>



<p>8、对RB启用RIP协议并配置动态路由信息，如图11-8所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="804" height="283" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-116.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1529" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-116.png 804w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-116-300x106.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-116-768x270.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 804px) 100vw, 804px" /></figure>



<p>9、配置好RB的RIP协议后，查看路由表信息，发现路由表多了一项“R”信息，说明RIP协议起作用了，相邻路由器的信息动态建立了路由表，如图11-9所示</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="390" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-117.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1530" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-117.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-117-300x130.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-117-768x333.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>10、 在RB上执行ping命令，发现RB可以ping通目的网络192.168.1.0了，如图11-10所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="193" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-118.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1531" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-118.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-118-300x64.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-118-768x165.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /></figure>



<p>11、回到RA上查看路由表信息，也发现多了“R”路由信息，同样执行ping命令测试，也能ping通目的网络192.168.2.0。分别如图11-11和图11-12所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="857" height="384" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-119.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1532" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-119.png 857w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-119-300x134.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-119-768x344.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 857px) 100vw, 857px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="878" height="212" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-120.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1533" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-120.png 878w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-120-300x72.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-120-768x185.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px" /></figure>



<p>12、根据表11-1所示设置各PC的IP地址、子网掩码和网关，如图11-13、图11-14、图11-15、图11-16所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="412" height="433" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-121.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1534" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-121.png 412w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-121-285x300.png 285w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 412px) 100vw, 412px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="427" height="435" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-122.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1535" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-122.png 427w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-122-294x300.png 294w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="420" height="435" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-123.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1536" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-123.png 420w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-123-290x300.png 290w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 420px) 100vw, 420px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="414" height="435" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-124.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1537" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-124.png 414w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-124-286x300.png 286w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 414px) 100vw, 414px" /></figure>



<p>13、在PC机上执行ping命令和tracert命令进行连通性测试和路由追踪。分别如图11-17、图11-18所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="442" height="407" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-125.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1538" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-125.png 442w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-125-300x276.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 442px) 100vw, 442px" /></figure>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="500" height="315" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-126.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1539" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-126.png 500w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-126-300x189.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px" /></figure>
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>H21109-实验5-静态路由配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21109-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c5-%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21109-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c5-%e9%9d%99%e6%80%81%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 10 Nov 2022 01:02:05 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1403</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 1. 理解路由表的原理和作用。 2. 掌握静态路由和默认路由的配置 3、掌握路由诊断方法，会使用 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<p>1<strong>.</strong> 理解路由表的原理和作用。</p>



<p>2. 掌握静态路由和默认路由的配置</p>



<p>3、掌握路由诊断方法，会使用ping和trace等命令进行路由测试。</p>



<p><strong>二、实验原理</strong></p>



<p>三、实验环境</p>



<p>1. 2811路由器两台，2960交换机两台，计算机若干，同异步串口连接线，网线</p>



<p>2. Cisco Packet Tracer模拟软件</p>



<p>3. 实验拓扑图。本实验拓扑图如图10-1所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="638" height="445" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-64.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1405" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-64.png 638w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-64-300x209.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 638px) 100vw, 638px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图10-1  静态路由实验拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>四、实验结果与分析</strong></p>



<p>1.拓扑图如图1所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="358" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-65.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1406" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-65.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-65-300x124.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-65-768x318.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图1</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>2.使用串口进行交换机间连接，将HWIC-2T模块放入路由器，操作如图2所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="739" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-66.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1407" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-66.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-66-300x256.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-66-768x656.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图2</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>3.在左侧路由器配置接口地址信息，如图3所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-large"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="842" height="1024" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-67-842x1024.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1408" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-67-842x1024.png 842w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-67-247x300.png 247w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-67-768x934.png 768w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-67.png 866w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 842px) 100vw, 842px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图3</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>4.在左侧路由器设置静态路由，设置命令参考：</p>



<p><code>ip route [目的网络地址] [目的网络子网掩码] [下一跳因特网协议地址</code>]</p>



<p>然后使用<code>show ip route</code>命令观察路由表，如图4所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="509" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-68.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1409" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-68.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-68-300x177.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-68-768x452.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>5.在右侧路由器执行与步骤3、4相同的操作，如图5所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="784" height="356" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-69.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1410" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-69.png 784w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-69-300x136.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-69-768x349.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>6.在客户端设置IP地址和网关地址，以图1中PC0为例。如图6所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="864" height="342" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-70.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1411" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-70.png 864w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-70-300x119.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-70-768x304.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图6</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p></p>



<p>7.使用ping命令对192.168.2.0网段下的设备进行连通性验证和使用tracert命令进行路由检索，结果如图7所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="536" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-71.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1412" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-71.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-71-300x186.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-71-768x476.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图7</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>8.在对端客户端也使用同样命令进行检测，结果如图8所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="654" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-72.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1413" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-72.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-72-300x227.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-72-768x581.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图8</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>六、结论与体会</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp;理解了路由表的原理和作用；掌握了静态路由和默认路由的配置；掌握了路由诊断方法，通过使用ping和trace等命令进行路由测试。</p>



<p><strong>七、拓扑文件下载（请使用CPT8.2.0以上版本打开）</strong></p>



<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-06cc0327-f326-475d-8867-160584d54767" href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/实验5.7z">实验5</a><a href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/实验5.7z" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-06cc0327-f326-475d-8867-160584d54767">下载</a></div>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>H21102-实验4-路由器实现VLAN间通信</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21102-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c4-%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0vlan%e9%97%b4%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21102-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c4-%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%99%a8%e5%ae%9e%e7%8e%b0vlan%e9%97%b4%e9%80%9a%e4%bf%a1/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Nov 2022 07:02:25 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1317</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 1.&#160;理解单臂路由的作用和原理。 2.掌握路由器实现VLAN之间通信的配置方法。 3了 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<p>1<strong>.</strong>&nbsp;理解单臂路由的作用和原理。</p>



<p>2.掌握路由器实现VLAN之间通信的配置方法。</p>



<p>3了解路由子接口和802.1q协议</p>



<p><strong>二、实验原理</strong><strong></strong></p>



<p>不同虚拟子网的端口是不可互访的，引入路由器，通过划分逻辑子端口的方式，通过单臂路由，实现不同虚拟子网的设备互访</p>



<p>三、实验环境</p>



<p>1、2811路由器一台，2960交换机一台，计算机若干台</p>



<p>2、Cisco Packet Tracer软件</p>



<p>3、实验拓扑图。本实验拓扑图如图9-1所示</p>



<p>4、实验所用计算机的接口和IP规划如表9-1所示</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="580" height="412" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/图片1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1318" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/图片1.png 580w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/图片1-300x213.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px" /></figure>



<p><strong>四、实验结果与分析</strong></p>



<p>1.本实验拓扑结果如图4-1所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="445" height="349" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-27.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1329" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-27.png 445w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-27-300x235.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4-1 参考拓扑结构</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>2.图4-1拓扑中的IP地址规划如表4-1所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>计算机</td><td>IP地址</td><td>网关</td><td>连接交换机端口</td><td>所属VLAN</td></tr><tr><td>PC0</td><td>192.168.1.1/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td><td>F0/1</td><td>VLAN 10</td></tr><tr><td>PC1</td><td>192.168.1.2/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td><td>F0/2</td><td>VLAN 10</td></tr><tr><td>PC2</td><td>192.168.2.1/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td><td>F0/3</td><td>VLAN 20</td></tr><tr><td>PC3</td><td>192.168.2.2/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td><td>F0/4</td><td>VLAN 20</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">表4-1  计算机IP地址网络规划</figcaption></figure>



<p>3.如图4-2所示。在交换机CLI界面输入指令完成vlan的分配。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="554" height="386" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-28.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1330" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-28.png 554w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-28-300x209.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4-2</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>4.如图4-3所示，在路由器CLI界面完成子接口IP地址的设置</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="554" height="243" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-29.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1331" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-29.png 554w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-29-300x132.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4-3</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>5.如图4-4，图4-5所示，分别用ping命令在vlan10和vlan20的计算机上进行连通性测试，发现均可连通。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="554" height="513" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-30.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1332" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-30.png 554w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-30-300x278.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4-4</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="554" height="354" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-31.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1333" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-31.png 554w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/image-31-300x192.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 554px) 100vw, 554px" /><figcaption class="wp-element-caption">图4-5</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>六、实验结论</strong></p>



<p>不同虚拟子网的端口是不可互访的，引入路由器，通过划分逻辑子端口的方式，通过单臂路由，实现不同虚拟子网的设备互访</p>



<p><strong>七、附录</strong></p>



<p>附录1：本文章使用拓扑图下载：（请使用<strong>8.2.0及以上版本</strong>打开，软件下载链接可以点击附录2）</p>



<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-8a81f3da-46b5-4c4e-b70b-fd52f61a5403" href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/实验4.7z">实验4</a><a href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/实验4.7z" class="wp-block-file__button wp-element-button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-8a81f3da-46b5-4c4e-b70b-fd52f61a5403">下载</a></div>



<p>附录2：CISCO PACKET TRACER（版本：8.2.0）官方下载地址：</p>



<p><a href="https://www.netacad.com/portal/resources/file/84f3e715-2e22-435a-8742-fd51f136cf73">https://www.netacad.com/portal/resources/file/84f3e715-2e22-435a-8742-fd51f136cf73</a></p>
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		<title>L21026-路由器的基本配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/l21026-%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/l21026-%e8%b7%af%e7%94%b1%e5%99%a8%e7%9a%84%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 Oct 2022 13:22:52 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1228</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 1. 了解路由器的作用 2. 掌握路由器的基本配置方法 3、掌握路由器模块的使用和互连方式 二、 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<p>1. 了解路由器的作用</p>



<p>2. 掌握路由器的基本配置方法</p>



<p>3、掌握路由器模块的使用和互连方式</p>



<p><strong>二、实验环境</strong></p>



<p>2811路由器一台，计算机两台，Console配置线一根，网线若干；本实验拓扑图如图8-1所示；计算机IP地址规划如表8-1所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="639" height="326" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-115.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1229" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-115.png 639w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-115-300x153.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px" /><figcaption>图8-1  路由器配置实验拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-table"><table><tbody><tr><td>计算机</td><td>IP地址</td><td>网关</td><td>连接路由器端口</td></tr><tr><td>PC0</td><td>192.168.1.1/24</td><td>192.168.1.100</td><td>Fa0/0</td></tr><tr><td>PC1</td><td>192.168.2.1/24</td><td>192.168.2.100</td><td>Fa0/1</td></tr></tbody></table><figcaption>表8-1  计算机IP地址规划</figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>三、实验步骤</strong></p>



<p><strong>1</strong><strong>、构建网络拓扑</strong></p>



<p><strong>按图8-1所示连接好实验拓扑图。其中，用Console配置线连接路由器的Console配置口和PC0的RS232串口（图中弯曲的线）；分别用交叉线连接PC0，PC1的快速以太网接口和路由器的快速以太网端口F0/0，F0/1。</strong></p>



<p><strong>2</strong><strong>、登录路由器</strong></p>



<p>（1）通过Console终端方式：要连接一台还没配置的新路由器或者没有管理IP地址的路由器，可利用Console配置线连接路由器的Console口与PC机的串口，利用PC的超级终端访问路由器。例如，利用图8-1拓扑中PC0的超级终端登录路由器，如图8-2所示<strong>。</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="743" height="416" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-116.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1230" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-116.png 743w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-116-300x168.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 743px) 100vw, 743px" /><figcaption>图8-2  利用超级终端登录路由器</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>（2）通过telnet远程访问：路由器具备远程访问的条件包括：开放telnet服务，有路由器管理IP地址，有远程服务密码（参考交换机基本配置实验）</p>



<p>（3）Web管理界面或网管软件：路由器配置有相关协议，如HTTP和SNMP，安装了相关服务，配置有访问权限密码等</p>



<p><strong>3</strong><strong>、路由器的基本配置</strong></p>



<p><strong>（1）配置路由器名称及各个端口的IP地址，并开启端口。</strong></p>



<div class="wp-block-group is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-fe9cc265 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex">
<p>Router&gt;enable&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //进入特权模式</p>



<p>Router# configure terminal&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //进入全局配置模式</p>



<p>Router（config）# hostname RA&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //修改路由器名称为RA</p>



<p>RA（config）# interface fastethernet 0/0&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //进入路由器fastethernet 0/0接口配置模式</p>



<p>RA（config-if）# ip address 192.168.1.100 255.255.255.0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //配置接口IP地址</p>



<p>RA（config-if）# no shutdown&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //开启路由器fastethernet 0/0接口</p>



<p>RA（config-if）# exit</p>



<p>RA（config）# interface fastethernet 0/1&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; //进入路由器fastethernet 0/1接口配置模式</p>



<p>RA（config-if）# ip address 192.168.2.100 255.255.255.0</p>



<p>RA（config-if）# no shutdown</p>



<p>RA（config-if）#exit</p>
</div>



<p><strong>（2）设置管理员密码，命令如下</strong></p>



<p><strong><code>RA（config）#enable secret ***</code></strong></p>



<p><strong>或者<code>RA（config）#enable password ***</code></strong></p>



<p><strong>（3）利用show ip interface brief命令可查看路由器各个接口配置信息8-3</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="199" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-117.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1231" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-117.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-117-300x66.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-117-768x170.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /><figcaption>图8-3  利用show ip interface brief命令查看路由器接口配置信息</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>（4）根据表8-1中IP地址规划，设置拓扑图8-1中PC0和PC1的IP地址、子网掩码和默认网关，如图8-4和图8-5所示</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="526" height="352" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-118.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1232" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-118.png 526w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-118-300x201.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 526px) 100vw, 526px" /><figcaption>图8-4  设定 PC0计算机IP地址</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="514" height="352" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-119.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1233" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-119.png 514w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-119-300x205.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 514px) 100vw, 514px" /><figcaption>图8-5  设定 PC1计算机IP地址</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>（5）在图8-1中，对PC1执行ping命令，测试两台计算机的连通性，如图8-6所示，从反馈的数据来看，实现了通过路由器完成两个不同网段的计算机通信</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-120.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1234" width="643" height="409" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-120.png 645w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-120-300x191.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 643px) 100vw, 643px" /><figcaption>图8-6  PC1 ping命令测试</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>（6）远程登录访问路由器并对路由器进行相应的配置（可参考交换机基本配置实验）</strong></p>



<p><strong>（a）通过Console线配置了路由器特权密码和接口IP地址后，必须设置远程允许权限和密码才可以远程登录路由器，命令如下</strong></p>



<p><strong><code>RA（config）#line vty 0 4</code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>RA（config-line）#login</code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>RA（config-line）#password ***</code></strong></p>



<p><strong>(b)</strong> <strong>利用其中任一台PC机，通过telnet命令登录路由器的任何一个接口的IP都可以远程访问路由器，如图8-7所示</strong></p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="416" height="270" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-121.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1235" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-121.png 416w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-121-300x195.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 416px) 100vw, 416px" /><figcaption>图8-7  远程登录路由器</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>4</strong><strong>、路由器的模块添加和互联方式</strong></p>



<p>路由器在关闭电源后可以根据应用需要添加和删除相应的模块，这里以Cisco Packet Tracer模拟器中2811型号的路由器为例进行讲解。首先删除工作区中的PC和路由器，并添加两台2811型号的路由器，然后进行下列操作。</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>单击Router0路由器打开其配置界面，在该界面的“物理”选项卡中列出了可添加的模块，首先单击路由器电源开关将其关闭，然后在右侧选中要添加的模块，如图8-8所示。用同样的方法为另一台路由器添加NM-8A/S模块</li></ul>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="644" height="511" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-122.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1236" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-122.png 644w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-122-300x238.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px" /><figcaption>图8-8  添加路由器模块</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>如果互联的路由器都添加了同异步串口模块（Serial模块），则路由器的互联方式可以通过以太网接口（使用交叉线）也可以通过同异步串口进行互联，如图8-9和8-10所示。本实验利用同异步串口线互联两个路由器的Serial（同异步串口）接口，如图8-10所示。</strong></li></ul>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="593" height="195" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-123.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1237" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-123.png 593w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-123-300x99.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 593px) 100vw, 593px" /><figcaption><strong>图8-9  利用叉线线互联路由器</strong></figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="591" height="195" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-124.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1238" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-124.png 591w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-124-300x99.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px" /><figcaption><strong>图8-10  利用同异步串口线互联路由器</strong></figcaption></figure>
</div>


<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>如果路由器添加了同异步串口模块，我们可以对相应的Serial端口进行配置，如指定端口IP地址和时钟频率等，如下面所示</strong></li></ul>



<p><strong><code>Router1（config）# interface serial 1/0       //配置同异步串口serial 1/0</code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router1（config-if）# ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0 </code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router1（config-if）#clock rate 64000</code>  </strong></p>



<p><strong>//</strong><strong>如果是DCE接口，必须配时钟频率；另外一头自动适应为DTE接口，自动同步时钟频率。</strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router1（config-if）# no shutdown  </code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router2（config）# interface serial 1/0</code>  </strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router2（config-if）# ip address 192.168.1.2 255.255.255.0</code></strong></p>



<p><strong><code>Router2（config-if）# no shutdown</code></strong></p>



<p><strong>路由器接口名称表示方式：接口类型 插槽数字标识/接口数字标识。</strong><strong>例如，Serial 1/4表示该接口为串口，是第1个插槽的第4个接口。插槽的数字标识是从零开始的。</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>在路由器系统中，我们也可以执行ping命令，来验证路由器到达其他设备通信情况，如图8-11所示</strong></li></ul>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="162" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-125.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1239" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-125.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-125-300x54.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-125-768x138.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /><figcaption>图8-11  在路由器上执行ping命令</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>四、实验注意事项</strong></p>



<p>这里对应路由器接口IP地址即为对应网络接入的计算机的网关，如拓扑图8-1的PC0的网关就是路由器F0/0端口的IP地址（192.168.1.100）。另外，路由器每个接口不能在同一网段，因此有多少个接口启用，就能互联多少个网段。</p>
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		<title>H21019-实验3-虚拟局域网（VLAN）配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21019-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c3-%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e5%b1%80%e5%9f%9f%e7%bd%91%ef%bc%88vlan%ef%bc%89%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21019-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c3-%e8%99%9a%e6%8b%9f%e5%b1%80%e5%9f%9f%e7%bd%91%ef%bc%88vlan%ef%bc%89%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/#comments</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Wed, 19 Oct 2022 08:21:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=1073</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 1. 理解VLAN的工作原理和作用。 2. 掌握划分VLAN的方法，特别是基于端口划分。 3.  [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<p>1<strong>.</strong> 理解VLAN的工作原理和作用。</p>



<p>2. 掌握划分VLAN的方法，特别是基于端口划分。</p>



<p>3. 掌握跨交换机Trunk中继协议配置</p>



<p><strong>二、实验原理</strong></p>



<p>交换机虚拟子网间是无法通信的,跨不同交换机的同一个虚拟子网间是可以通过trunk进行通信的.</p>



<p>三、实验环境</p>



<p>（1）2960交换机若干台，计算机若干台，网线若干根</p>



<p>（2）Cisco Packet Tracer 软件</p>



<p>（3）实验拓扑图。本实验将用到两个拓扑图，分别如图7-1和图7-2所示</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="488" height="390" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-55.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1089" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-55.png 488w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-55-300x240.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 488px) 100vw, 488px" /><figcaption>图1&nbsp; 单台交换机VLAN配置拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="900" height="353" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-56.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1090" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-56.png 900w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-56-300x118.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-56-768x301.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px" /><figcaption>图2&nbsp; 不同交换机VLAN之间通信拓扑图</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p><strong>四、实验内容与步骤</strong></p>



<p><strong>&nbsp; </strong>截图一：按照图1搭建拓扑图，如图1所示；分别测试三台pc连通性，如图2所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="550" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-57.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1091" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-57.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-57-300x191.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-57-768x488.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图1</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="526" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-58.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1093" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-58.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-58-300x182.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-58-768x467.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图2</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p></p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 截图二：创建vlan2与vlan3，分别取名为vlan2和vlan3，如图3所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="864" height="774" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-59.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1094" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-59.png 864w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-59-300x269.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-59-768x688.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /><figcaption>图3</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p></p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 截图三：将pc1、pc2分别划分在两个vlan中，并查看vlan信息，pc1和pc2的对应端口划分命令如图4所示；观察vlan信息如图5所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="316" height="179" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-60.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1095" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-60.png 316w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-60-300x170.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 316px) 100vw, 316px" /><figcaption>图4</figcaption></figure>
</div>

<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="613" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-61.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1096" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-61.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-61-300x213.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-61-768x544.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图5</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 截图四：在vlan数据库中创建vlan并划分端口，划分结果如图6所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="438" height="264" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-62.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1097" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-62.png 438w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-62-300x181.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 438px) 100vw, 438px" /><figcaption>图6</figcaption></figure>



<p></p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp; 截图五：跨交换机不同vlan间的配置，在两台交换机中分别在连接到对端的端口中开启trunk模式，命令如图7所示。待端口重新联通后，使用ping命令对对端交换机下的同一vlan设备进行测试，结果如图8所示。</p>


<div class="wp-block-image">
<figure class="aligncenter size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="294" height="50" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-63.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1098"/><figcaption>图7</figcaption></figure>
</div>


<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="839" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-64.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1099" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-64.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-64-300x291.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-64-768x745.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图8</figcaption></figure>



<p></p>



<p><strong>五、实验结果与分析</strong></p>



<p>以pc2为例，使用ping命令对对端同vlan下的pc4（192.168.1.8）进行测试，可以正常联通。如图9所示。结论：处在同一vlan下的设备可以互相通信，跨交换机的设备需要在交换机端口中开启trunk模式才可以互相访问。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="836" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-65.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1100" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-65.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-65-300x290.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-65-768x742.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图9</figcaption></figure>



<p></p>



<p><strong>六、结论与体会</strong></p>



<p>&nbsp; 验证思考：在图一中加入pc4，测试几台pc连通性，并说明原因。</p>



<p>建立PC4，设置ip地址为192.168.1.4，如图10所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="472" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-66.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1101" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-66.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-66-300x164.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-66-768x419.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图10</figcaption></figure>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 使用ping命令分别对vlan1、2、3进行测试，发现只有处于vlan1的电脑可以正常互相通信，如图11所示。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="781" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-67.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1102" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-67.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-67-300x271.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-67-768x693.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption>图11</figcaption></figure>



<p>      结论：新增加的设备，如果没有特殊操作。默认处于vlan1下。</p>



<p>七、模拟器拓扑下载（请务必使用思科模拟器最新版8.2版打开。低版本打不开的）</p>



<div class="wp-block-file"><a id="wp-block-file--media-cb01657f-0ef2-4f23-b98e-620b3131beb6" href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/实验3.7z">实验3</a><a href="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/实验3.7z" class="wp-block-file__button" download aria-describedby="wp-block-file--media-cb01657f-0ef2-4f23-b98e-620b3131beb6">下载</a></div>
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		<title>H21013-实验2-交换机基本配置</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h21013-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c2-%e4%ba%a4%e6%8d%a2%e6%9c%ba%e5%9f%ba%e6%9c%ac%e9%85%8d%e7%bd%ae/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 13 Oct 2022 02:12:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://aic.leexinghai.com/?p=990</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[实验目的 换机的作用和配置模式 掌握交换机的常用基本配置和远程访问设置 模拟器中交换机的使用 实验原理 交换机 [&#8230;]]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>实验目的</strong><ul><li>换机的作用和配置模式</li></ul><ul><li>掌握交换机的常用基本配置和远程访问设置</li></ul><ul><li>模拟器中交换机的使用</li></ul></li><li>实验原理</li></ul>



<p>交换机是二层的网络设备，它的作用是扩大网络规模。交换机的首次配置只能通过终端方式进行配置</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 1、常用交换机的配置方式</p>



<p>(1)交换机的初次使用，一般通过终端方式进行配置</p>



<p>(2)通过telnet远程访问，需在交换机上开放telnet服务，并设定管理地址和远程访问密码</p>



<p>(3)通过Web管理界面访问，需要首先在交换机中配置HTTP服务，HTTP协议和访问权限密码</p>



<p>(4)网管软件：需要安装相应的客户端软件</p>



<p>2、交换机常用命令</p>



<p>(1)exit:退出当前模式&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; end:返回到特权模式</p>



<p>(2)通过什么可以查询任何模式下的命令和参数</p>



<p>(3)在执行命令前加no，修改已生效的命令</p>



<p>(4)查看交换机的配置文件</p>



<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; show startup-config; show running-config</p>



<p>(5)保存当前配置copy running-config startup-config</p>



<p>(6)查看交换机版本信息 show version</p>



<p>(7)重启交换机reload</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>实验环境</strong></li></ul>



<p>交换机是二层的网络设备，它的作用是扩大网络规模</p>



<ol class="wp-block-list" type="1"><li>交换机配置实验拓扑图如下，图4.1</li></ol>



<p>2、2960-24交换机一台，PC6通过RS232接口接入交换机的 console口；六台PC机分别接入交换机的fa0/1-fa0/6，其中PC0, IP地址为.168.1.10,接入交换机的fa0/1口</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>PC1, IP192.168.1.11,接入交换机的fa0/2口</li><li>PC2, IP192.168.1.12,接入交换机的fa0/3口</li><li>PC3, IP192.168.1.13,接入交换机的fa0/4口</li><li>PC4, IP192.168.1.14,接入交换机的fa0/5口</li></ul>



<p>PC5, IP192.168.1.15,接入交换机的fa0/6口</p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>实验内容与步骤</strong></li></ul>



<p><strong>1、搭建实验要求的拓扑环境，如图1所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="547" height="456" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-27.png" alt="" class="wp-image-991" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-27.png 547w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-27-300x250.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 547px) 100vw, 547px" /><figcaption><strong>图1</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>2、以PC0为例，配置各个主机的IP地址（PC1-PC5配置方法均相同，故省略），如图2所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="793" height="504" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-28.png" alt="" class="wp-image-992" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-28.png 793w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-28-300x191.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-28-768x488.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 793px) 100vw, 793px" /><figcaption><strong>图2</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>3、在PC6使用CONSOLE方式连接到交换机，配置面板如图3所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="668" height="465" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-29.png" alt="" class="wp-image-993" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-29.png 668w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-29-300x209.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 668px) 100vw, 668px" /><figcaption><strong>图3</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>4、连接完成后，PC6的终端会显示为交换机的命令界面，如图4所示。并尝试练习交换机几种配置模式的转换，设置交换机特权模式访问密码，如图4所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="392" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-30.png" alt="" class="wp-image-994" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-30.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-30-300x136.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-30-768x348.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption><strong>图4</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>5、设置端口参数和属性，如图5所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="686" height="279" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-31.png" alt="" class="wp-image-995" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-31.png 686w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-31-300x122.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 686px) 100vw, 686px" /><figcaption><strong>图5</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>6、观察各个端口状态信息，如图6所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="865" height="249" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-32.png" alt="" class="wp-image-996" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-32.png 865w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-32-300x86.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-32-768x221.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 865px) 100vw, 865px" /><figcaption><strong>图6</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>7、尝试练习vlan配置，设置vlan1的地址和子网掩码，如图7所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="847" height="612" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-33.png" alt="" class="wp-image-997" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-33.png 847w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-33-300x217.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-33-768x555.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px" /><figcaption><strong>图7</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>8、设置访问线程数量和访问密码，如图8所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="836" height="271" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-34.png" alt="" class="wp-image-998" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-34.png 836w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-34-300x97.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-34-768x249.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 836px) 100vw, 836px" /><figcaption><strong>图8</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>9、观察vlan1状态，如图9所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="558" height="152" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-35.png" alt="" class="wp-image-999" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-35.png 558w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-35-300x82.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px" /><figcaption><strong>图9</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>10、尝试在PC0上使用telnet方式访问交换机，如图10所示。</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="581" height="735" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-36.png" alt="" class="wp-image-1000" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-36.png 581w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-36-237x300.png 237w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 581px) 100vw, 581px" /><figcaption><strong>图10</strong></figcaption></figure>



<p><strong>五、实验结果与分析</strong><strong></strong></p>



<p><strong>&nbsp; </strong><strong>通过实验，可以了解到访问交换机的方式可以分为“终端模式”和“telnet连接模式”，对交换机的用户模式、特权模式、全局配置模式、端口配置模式和访问配置模式分别进行实验练习。了解交换机命令配置的基本功能。</strong></p>



<p><strong>&nbsp; </strong><strong>通过设置管理员密码，可以使交换机仅通过知晓密码的用户访问，提升设备使用的安全性；通过配置端口速度和端口模式，可以对特定端口进行设置，提升交换机使用效率；通过开放远程访问的功能，可以在普通计算机上通过telnet访问交换机，提高管理效率。</strong></p>



<p><strong>六、结论与体会</strong><strong></strong></p>



<p>  <strong>通过实验，可以了解到访问交换机的方式可以分为“终端模式”和“telnet连接模式”，对交换机的用户模式、特权模式、全局配置模式、端口配置模式和访问配置模式分别进行实验练习。了解交换机命令配置的基本功能。</strong></p>
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			</item>
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		<title>H20928-实验1-IP地址与子网掩码</title>
		<link>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h20928-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c1-ip%e5%9c%b0%e5%9d%80%e4%b8%8e%e5%ad%90%e7%bd%91%e6%8e%a9%e7%a0%81/</link>
					<comments>https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/h20928-%e5%ae%9e%e9%aa%8c1-ip%e5%9c%b0%e5%9d%80%e4%b8%8e%e5%ad%90%e7%bd%91%e6%8e%a9%e7%a0%81/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[李星海]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Oct 2022 02:57:26 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[计算机网络技术]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[一、实验目的 了解IP地址的类别,掌握静态IP地址的配置方法 识别同网段IP地址 理解网关和子网掩码作用以及算 [&#8230;]]]></description>
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<p><strong>一、实验目的</strong></p>



<ol class="wp-block-list" type="1"><li>了解IP地址的类别,掌握静态IP地址的配置方法<ol><li>识别同网段IP地址</li></ol><ol><li>理解网关和子网掩码作用以及算法和设置</li></ol><ol><li>划分子网及子网的范围</li></ol></li></ol>



<p><strong>二、实验仪器设备或材料</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>思科模拟器</li><li>设备准备：交换机、计算机若干台</li></ul>



<p><strong>三、实验原理</strong></p>



<p><strong>&nbsp;</strong><strong>使用思科模拟器对ip地址的划分进行初步了解。熟悉ip地址和子网掩码的关联性。简单学习子网划分的步骤</strong></p>



<p><strong>四、实验内容与步骤</strong></p>



<p><strong>1.</strong><strong>按要求搭建网络拓扑</strong></p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="652" height="436" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-948" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-1.png 652w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-1-300x201.png 300w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 652px) 100vw, 652px" /></figure>



<p>2.根据要求，在pc1上使用ping命令对pc2和laptop0进行连通性测试，结果：设备之间可以互相访问</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="864" height="761" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-2.png" alt="" class="wp-image-949" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-2.png 864w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-2-300x264.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-2-768x676.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /></figure>



<p>3.修改三个设备的子网掩码为/25</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="866" height="450" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-3.png" alt="" class="wp-image-950" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-3.png 866w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-3-300x156.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-3-768x399.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px" /></figure>



<p>4.再次进行连通性测试，结论：所有设备均可有效连通</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="864" height="630" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-4.png" alt="" class="wp-image-951" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-4.png 864w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-4-300x219.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-4-768x560.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /></figure>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li>修改子网掩码为/30，其中pc2修改为192.168.1.2。</li></ul>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="866" height="325" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-5.png" alt="" class="wp-image-952" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-5.png 866w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-5-300x113.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-5-768x288.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 866px) 100vw, 866px" /></figure>



<p>6.再次进行连通性测试。发现pc2（192.168.1.2）可以访问，laptop0（192.168.1.5）无法访问。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="784" height="459" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-6.png" alt="" class="wp-image-953" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-6.png 784w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-6-300x176.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-6-768x450.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 784px) 100vw, 784px" /></figure>



<p>7.将pc1地址改为10.10.10.10，地址为255.0.0.0</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="864" height="378" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-7.png" alt="" class="wp-image-954" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-7.png 864w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-7-300x131.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-7-768x336.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 864px) 100vw, 864px" /></figure>



<p>8.再次使用ping命令进行连通性测试，发现剩余设备均不能访问。</p>



<figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><img loading="lazy" decoding="async" width="775" height="484" src="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-8.png" alt="" class="wp-image-955" srcset="https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-8.png 775w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-8-300x187.png 300w, https://www.leexinghai.com/aic/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/image-8-768x480.png 768w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 775px) 100vw, 775px" /></figure>



<p><strong><br></strong></p>



<p><strong>五、实验结果与分析</strong></p>



<p><strong>结果：处于同一网段的设备可以互相访问，非同一网段设备不能互相访问。</strong></p>



<ul class="wp-block-list"><li><strong>结论与体会</strong></li></ul>



<p><strong>通过实验对思科模拟器的使用有初步的认识，对地址的划分和位于同一物理环境但是不同网络环境的主机进行访问性测试，对ip地址和子网掩码的相关性有初步了解。</strong></p>



<p><strong>七、教师评语</strong></p>
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